创建时间: | 2016/7/27 9:22 |
来源: | http://blog.csdn.net/qqiabc521/article/details/6325203 |
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。
用法:{ $push : { field : value } }5) $pushAll
把value追加到field里面去,field一定要是数组类型才行,如果field不存在,会新增一个数组类型加进去。例:
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $set : { "test1" : ["aaa","bbb"] } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $push : { "test1": "ccc" } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $push : { "test2": "ccc" } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc" ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $push : { "test1": ["ddd","eee"] } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
用法:{ $addToSet : { field : value } }
增加一个值到数组内,而且只有当这个值不在数组内才增加。例:
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": {$each : ["444","555"] } } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
"aaa",
"bbb",
"ccc",
[
"ddd",
"eee"
],
"fff",
"ggg",
[
"111",
"222"
],
"444",
"555"
], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": {$each : ["444","555"] } } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
"aaa",
"bbb",
"ccc",
[
"ddd",
"eee"
],
"fff",
"ggg",
[
"111",
"222"
],
"444",
"555"
], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": ["444","555"] } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
"aaa",
"bbb",
"ccc",
[
"ddd",
"eee"
],
"fff",
"ggg",
[
"111",
"222"
],
"444",
"555",
[
"444",
"555"
]
], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": ["444","555"] } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
"aaa",
"bbb",
"ccc",
[
"ddd",
"eee"
],
"fff",
"ggg",
[
"111",
"222"
],
"444",
"555",
[
"444",
"555"
]
], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
7) $pop
删除数组内的一个值
用法:
删除最后一个值:{ $pop : { field : 1 } }
删除第一个值:{ $pop : { field : -1 } }
注意,只能删除一个值,也就是说只能用1或-1,而不能用2或-2来删除两条。mongodb 1.1及以后的版本才可以用,例:
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
"bbb",
"ccc",
[
"ddd",
"eee"
],
"fff",
"ggg",
[
"111",
"222"
],
"444"
], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pop : { "test1": -1 } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
"ccc",
[
"ddd",
"eee"
],
"fff",
"ggg",
[
"111",
"222"
],
"444"
], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pop : { "test1": 1 } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", "ggg", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4",
"test5" : "OK" }
8) $pull
用法:$pull : { field : value } }
从数组field内删除一个等于value值。例:
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", "ggg", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4",
"test5" : "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pull : { "test1": "ggg" } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5"
: "OK" }
9) $pullAll
用法:{ $pullAll : { field : value_array } }
同$pull,可以一次删除数组内的多个值。例:
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5"
: "OK" }
> db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pullAll : { "test1": [ "ccc" , "fff" ] } } );
> db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
{ "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ [ "ddd", "eee" ], [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
10) $ 操作符
$是他自己的意思,代表按条件找出的数组里面某项他自己。呵呵,比较坳口。看一下官方的例子:
> t.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b97e62bf1d8c7152c9ccb74"), "title" : "ABC", "comments" : [ { "by" : "joe", "votes" : 3 }, { "by" : "jane", "votes" : 7 } ] }
> t.update( {'comments.by':'joe'}, {$inc:{'comments.$.votes':1}}, false, true )
> t.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b97e62bf1d8c7152c9ccb74"), "title" : "ABC", "comments" : [ { "by" : "joe", "votes" : 4 }, { "by" : "jane", "votes" : 7 } ] }
需要注意的是,$只会应用找到的第一条数组项,后面的就不管了。还是看例子:
> t.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9e4a1fc583fa1c76198319"), "x" : [ 1, 2, 3, 2 ] }
> t.update({x: 2}, {$inc: {"x.$": 1}}, false, true);
> t.find();
还有注意的是$配合$unset使用的时候,会留下一个null的数组项,不过可以用{$pull:{x:null}}删除全部是null的数组项。例:
> t.insert({x: [1,2,3,4,3,2,3,4]})
> t.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4bde2ad3755d00000000710e"), "x" : [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ] }
> t.update({x:3}, {$unset:{"x.$":1}})
> t.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4bde2ad3755d00000000710e"), "x" : [ 1, 2, null, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9e4a1fc583fa1c76198319"), "x" : [ 1, 3, 3, 2 ] }